Now that information is processed into long term memory, how do we get it out of there? How can we retrieve the concepts stored?

Recall - can be cued or uncued. Uncued means the learner must remember the information with nothing to help them remember. A cued recall is a hint or question that sparks the recall.
Recognition - stimuli is presented to the learner which the learner must make a decision or judgement about.
Encoding specificity - whatever cues were used to help the learner put the information into long term memory are the ideal cues to use to help them get it back out.

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Forgetting - how does it happen?!?

Failure to encode - maybe it didn't get into the memory properly in the first place.
Failure to retrieve - maybe the information IS there but the right methods of remembering it aren't being used.
Interference - maybe something got in the way of a proper recall of information.